The pump designation is part of API Spec 11AX and describes the main specifications of an API subsurface pump. It is a nomenclature to classify API sucker rod pumps and tubing pumps according to their main characteristics. It is comprised of seven parts, separated by dashes. Example: 20-125-RHBC-10-4-2-2 Each part, in order, describes the following specifications: Nominal tubing size (inch â given as a key representing the actual size) Basic bore size (inch) Type of pump, type of barrel, location and type of seating assembly (letter code) Barrel length (ft) Plunger length (ft) Length of upper extension, used with heavy-wall barrel (inch) Length of lower extension, used with heavy-wall barrel (inch) Example: A 1 1â4 in. (31.8 mm) bore rod […]
Artificial Lift
Two-pole motor: The terminology two-pole is derived from the fact that there are two magnetic poles (north and south) generated by an electromagnetic field. With a two-pole machine, the motor has a synchronous RPM of 3600 at a power supply frequency of 60 hertz.
The electric submersible motor is simple in construction, rugged and reliable. In this article, the ESP motor compounds are detailed as well as their main functions. Introduction to ESP motor: ESP motor is installed below the motor seal and above the downhole sensor. In cases where a downhole sensor is not installed, the motor is installed at the very bottom of ESP string, generally attached to a motor guide. ESP motor is an induction motor, two poles, three phases, squirrel cage type stator winding filled with specific motor oil, high dielectric strength (> 28 KV). The motor is rated for a specific horsepower, […]
Cable power losses or power drop are due to the conductor resistance heating that occurs when current flows. These cable losses are more often called KW losses or I²R losses. This is expressed by the following formula: Power losses = 3 Ă (I²R) /1000 Where: Power losses in kW units, I is the current (in amps) and R (in ohms) is the average conductor resistance. How to lower the resistance in the cable? Power lost in a cable depends on the cable length, cable size and the current through the cable. Therefore, there are three ways to lower the resistance […]
The affinity laws, also known as âPump Lawsâ, for pumps are used to express the relationship between variables involved in pump performance (such as head, flow rate, shaft speed) and power. According to the affinity laws, the following relationships exist between the actual speed of the centrifugal pump and its most important performance parameters: The flow rate of a pump changes directly proportional to its operating speed. The head developed by the pump changes proportionally to the square of the speed. The brake horsepower required to drive the pump changes proportionally to the cube of the speed. The efficiency of the pump does not change with speed changes. The above rules can […]
The Motor seal is installed below the intake and above the electric motor. It is also named: Equalizer, balance chamber, or Protector. Seal section types, functions, components, and applications are detailed in this article. In addition to the main function of transferring the motor torque to the pump shaft, the seal section performs four primary functions (Equalization, Expansion, Isolation, & âAabsorbsionâ): Equalizes the pressure in the wellbore with the pressure inside the motor, Provides area for motor oil expansion volume (induced by temperature changes in the motor), Isolates the well fluid from the clean motor oil, Absorbs the pump shaft thrust load (it houses the thrust […]
As the name suggests â Pump Intake â is where the well fluid enters the Submersible Pumping System. Care should be taken when designing a submersible pump intake because it is such a vital point in the system that when not designed properly may create all kinds of problems. There are three types of intake Sections: Standard Intakes or BOI (bolt on intake), Integral (manufactured as part of the pump), Gas Separators (static and rotary gas separators). Standard and Integral Intakes: Standard intakes (BOI and integral) do not separate gas. Some gas separation might occur, but it will only be natural separation due […]
Ideally, laboratory measured PVT data should be utilized. Many times, laboratory data is not available and correlations must be used instead. This post will discuss PVT properties and correlations that can be used to estimate them. It is difficult to say which correlation should be used when. This is because most of the correlations were developed with regional crude samples. The best correlation is the one that matches your data. Many investigators have used PVT laboratory test results, and field data, to develop generalized correlations for estimating properties of reservoir fluids. The main properties which are determined from empirical correlations are the […]
As described in the previous article ESP nine step design procedure, Centrilift has established a nine-step procedure to design the appropriate electrical submersible pump. The first step of this ESP design procedure, and certainly the most important step, consists on collecting the basic data. This is the most important step because all the others design steps will depend on the basic data selected in step 1. If the basic data quality is good the design will be good and the ESP will operate at its optimum conditions. Otherwise, if the input data quality is poor the design will usually be marginal. […]
Once the first step âCollect basic dataâ is performed, we pass to the â step 2: Production Capacity â of the ESP Nine Step Design Procedure. It consists on predicting the well inflow performance which represents the relationship between pressure and flow rate at the well face of an individual well and it is physically defined as the well flowing bottom-hole pressure (Pwf) as a function of production rate. It describes the flow in the reservoir. Many inflow performance relationships (IPRâs) are described in the literature. In this article, we will briefly present three of the most widely used IPRâs to describe the […]
Step 1: Basic Data: As detailed in the article âStep 1: Basic data â, step 1 of the nine step design procedure is the most important step because all the others design steps will depend on the basic data selected in this step. In this example, a high water cut well is considered. This is the simplest type of well for sizing submersible equipment. Well Profile: Vertical Well Casing: 7â 26# Tubing: 3 ½â 9,2# N80 NU Top perforation: 2003m Pump Intake depth: 1713m Fluid properties and well conditions: PVT data non-available Oil Gravity: 35 API Water Cut: 90% Water Gravity: 1,01 […]
OPTION 1 – FREE MEMBER OPTION 2 – MEMBERSHIP Limit Access To Content Limit Access No Support Instant Access Unlimited to access
